Myocardial Mechanics of Percutaneous Intramyocardial Septal Radiofrequency Ablation

Objective Echocardiography-guided Percutaneous IntraMyocardial Septal Radiofrequency Ablation (PIMSRA, Liwen procedure) is a novel treatment option for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). The impact of PIMSRA on myocardial mechanics is unknown. Methods Between October 2016 and June 2019, PIMSRA and 3-dimentional speckle tracking echocardiography were performed in 82 patients. Echocardiographic imaging, qualitative and quantitative clinical assessment were completed at baseline, immediately postprocedure and 1-year follow-up. Results There was a significant reduction in the peak left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) gradients immediately following PIMSRA and at 1-year follow-up (resting gradients: from 83.50 (61.25) to 23.00 (41.75) mm Hg, p<0.001 and 13.50 (21.75) mm Hg, p<0.001, respectively; stress-induced gradients: from 118.25 (96.02) to 47.00 (74.50) mm Hg (1 year), p<0.001). There was an improvement in exercise time on stress echocardiography (p<0.001) and distance by 6 min walk test (p=0.034). Immediately after PIMSRA, there was a significant reduction in radial and circumferential strain in the ablated segments (p<0.001), with no change of longitudinal strain. At 1-year follow-up, the radial and circumferential strain recovered in the ablated segments. Meanwhile, left ventricular regional and global longitudinal strain had improved significantly (p<0.05). Conclusions PIMSRA is an effective treatment for symptomatic HOCM that resulted in a sustained improvement in exercise capacity, a persistent decrease in LVOT gradient, and a measurable increase in myocardial contractile function.