Mechanisms of Magnetoelectric Effects in Oxide Multiferroics with a Perovskite Praphase

Magnetoelectric effects in multiferroics with a perovskite structure, such as bismuth ferrite, rare-earth orthochromites, and Ruddlesden–Popper structures belonging to the trigonal, orthorhombic, and tetragonal systems are discussed. The influence of structural distortions on magnetic and ferroelectric properties is studied; possible magnetoelectric linear, quadratic, nonuniform effects are determined in these materials; and the expressions for the linear magnetoelectric effect tensor are presented. The macroscopic manifestations of the nonuniform magnetoelectric effect in nanoelements based on multiferroics are considered.