Structural, Impedance and Modulus Studies of Effect of Magnesium (mg) Substitution on Spinel Li4Ti5O12 Anode Materials

This research article aims at reporting the influence of magnesium by studying the structural, electrical impedance and modulus properties of the Mg substituted Li4Ti5O12. These studies are useful for the electrochemical properties. The XRD reveals that the structure of all the Mg substituted materials belongs to the cubic spinel group having Fd-3m space symmetry. SEM images display the structural, morphological properties with the average size of grains falling in the vicinity of 1 μm. The electrical impedance of Li4−xMgxTi5O12 materials was analyzed at frequencies between 20 Hz and 1 MHz and in the 30–120 °C range of temperature by employing the complex impedance spectroscopy (CIS) method. The modulus formalism is also a suitable tool to understand the dynamical characteristics of electrical transport phenomena. The complex electric modulus spectrum signifies quantifying the allocation of ion energies or configurations in the lattice. Also, it portrays the electrical relaxation of ion-conducting lattices as a feature of materials at a minuscule level. The obtained results of substitution of Mg in Li4Ti5O12 anode materials improve the potential applications of conductivity and charge/discharge performance.