Prognosis of Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Aged ≥ 80 Years Who Were Considered Medically Operable but Received Best Supportive Care Alone

Introduction: Some elderly stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients may refuse both stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) and surgery and may instead desire best supportive care (BSC) alone, despite having a medically operable condition. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the differences in the 3-year overall survival (3-year OS) rates among elderly stage I NSCLC patients aged >= 80 years who received surgery (OP group, n = 39), SBRT (RT group, n = 32) or BSC alone (BSC group, n = 28), stratifying the later groups according to those who were medically inoperable (MI subgroup) and those who were considered medically operable but refused surgery (MO subgroup). Results: During a median 39.1-month follow-up period, 44 patients died. The 3-year OS rates were longer and higher in the MI-RT subgroup and the OP group than in the MI-BSC subgroup (67%, 89%, and 22%, respectively; p = 0.001). No differences in the 3-year OS rates were seen among the MO-RT subgroup, the MO-BSC subgroup, and the OP group (75%, 70%, and 89%, respectively; p = 0.164). However, a multivariate analysis identified a performance status (PS) score of 1-2 or a Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) score of >= 2, as well as stage IB disease and BSC, as independently increasing the risk of death. Conclusions: Elderly stage I NSCLC patients who were medically operable but who refused surgery and desire BSC alone should be encouraged to undergo SBRT unless they have a good PS and are otherwise in healthy condition.