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    • The Effect of Human Impact and Environmental Conditions on Polylepis Forest and on the World’s Highest Mistletoe Infestation

    Arizapana-Almonacid Marco Aurelio,Camel Vladimir,Castañeda-Tinco Marco,Pyles Marcela V.,Teodoro Grazielle Sales,van den Berg Eduardo

    Plant Ecology（2022）SCI 4区SCI 3区

    Universidade Federal de Lavras | Universidad Científica del Sur | Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Huanta | Instituto de Ciências Biológicas

    Cited 1|Views14
    Abstract
    Forests dominated by the genus Polylepis (Rosaceae) are highly threatened due to anthropogenic impacts and climate change. Some species such as Polylepis flavipila are also affected by hemiparasitic plants such as Tristerix chodatianus (Loranthaceae) that induce progressive damage to the host canopy, altering the structure and functioning of the forest. In this paper, we focused on evaluating the parasitism pattern of T. chodatianus on Polylepis populations, as well as how human impact and environmental factors affect the Polylepis flavipila population structure. We carried this out along an altitudinal gradient in Nor Yauyos Cochas Landscape Reserve, Laraos, Lima-Peru. We laid out three transects in each forest (Shutco and Chaqsii-Chaqsii) from the bottom of their current distribution to the tree line, totaling a sampled area of 3.44 ha. Phenotypic data were taken for all individuals (parasitized and non-parasitized) with a diameter at ground height ≥ 5 cm. Environmental factors (bare cover, slope, rock cover, grass cover, and elevation) and human impact (trails, overgrazing, and felling) variables were also collected. Our results showed that the higher the elevation is, the shorter are the trees and with the increase of the slope, the diameter decreases and the frequency of trees increases. Moreover, human impact (trails and overgrazing) affected negatively the dasometric characteristics of P. flavipila. Regarding the patterns of parasitism, we observed that the larger trees (in diameter and height) had a greater presence of T. chodatianus and, as the elevation increased, the proportion of parasitized trees decreased. In conclusion, our results showed that P. flavipila forest is threatened by several factors, including human impact and T. chodatianus infestation. Future evaluations on forest dynamics would clarify the observed pattern.
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    Altitudinal gradient,Arboreal hemiparasites,Loranthaceae,Polylepis flavipila,Tristerix chodatianus
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    【要点】：本文研究了人类影响和环境条件对Polylepis森林及其世界上最高寄生病害发生率的影响，发现Polylepis flavipila森林受到人类活动及Tristerix chodatianus寄生的影响。
    

    【方法】：研究在秘鲁Lima-Peru的Nor Yauyos Cochas Landscape Reserve沿着海拔梯度进行，通过设立三个样方，收集植物个体表型数据及环境因素和人类影响相关变量。
    

    【实验】：在Shutco和Chaqsii-Chaqsii森林中，总共采样了3.44公顷的区域，对直径大于等于5厘米的所有个体（被寄生和未被寄生）进行了表型数据收集，并记录了环境因素和人类影响变量。结果表明，海拔越高，树木越短，坡度越大，直径越小，树木频率越高；人类活动（道路和过度放牧）对P. flavipila的测树学特性产生了负面影响；大树寄生率更高，而随着海拔增加，寄生树木的比例下降。