A Quantitative Study on the Protective Effect of Resveratrol against Bisphenol-A-Induced Oral Mucosa and Tongue Toxicity in Male Rats: A Stereological Study

Background: Bisphenol-A (BPA) is one of the hazardous chemicals, which is extensively used. BPA can cause oxidative stress. Resveratrol (RES) is a natural polyphenol that possesses several health benefits, such as antioxidant effects. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of RES against BPA-induced oral mucosa and tongue toxicity. Methods: A total of five groups of Sprague-Dawley male rats (n=30) were used in this study. Group 1 was the control group, and group 2 received 50 mg /kg BPA by gavage. Group 3 was given 100 mg/kg of RES, and group 4 received 50 mg/kg BPA plus 100 mg/kg RES. In group 5, the sham group, the volume of the injectable drug received from olive oil was given as gavage for eight weeks. Following that, the paraffinized samples were sectioned in 5 mu m thickness to estimate the volume. Results: The results showed that BPA had a different effect on tissues. Moreover, the total volume of lamina propria, mucosal glands, the total glands of the tongue, volumetric density of the epithelium, and glands of the oral mucosa increased in the BPA group, while in the BPA+RES group, these structures reduced, compared to the BPA group. In addition, the total volume of the epithelium of the tongue decreased in the BPA group, whereas this structure increased in the BPA+RES group, compared to the BPA group. Conclusion: BPA has different effects on the oral mucosa and tongue. These effects can exert influence on the normal function of the cells in these areas. RES, with its antioxidant properties, had a protective effect on these structures against the BPA.