Effect of Tin Spectral Filtration on Organ and Effective Dose in CT Colonography and CT Lung Cancer Screening

BACKGROUND:Studies of tin spectral filtration have demonstrated potential in reducing radiation dose while maintaining image quality for unenhanced computed tomography (CT) scans. The extent of dose reduction, however, was commonly measured using the change in the scanner's reported CTDIvol . This method does not account for how tin filtration affects patient organ and effective dose.PURPOSE:To investigate the effect of tin filtration on patient organ and effective dose for CT Lung Cancer Screening (LCS) and CT Colonography (CTC).METHODS:A previously-developed Monte Carlo program was adapted to model a 96-row CT scanner (Somatom Force, Siemens Healthineers) with tin filtration capabilities at 100 kV (100Sn) and 150 kV (150Sn). The program was then validated using experimental CTDIvol measurements at all available kV (70-150 kV) and tin-filtered kV options (100Sn and 150Sn). After validation, the program simulated LCS scans of the chest and CTC scan of the abdomen-pelvis for a population of 53 computational patient models from the extended cardiac-torso family. Each scan was performed using three different spectra: 120 kV, 100Sn, and 150Sn. CTDIvol -normalized organ doses and DLP-normalized effective doses, commonly referred to as dose conversion factors, were compared between the different spectra.RESULTS:For all LCS and CTC scans, CTDIvol -normalized organ doses and DLP-normalized effective doses increased with increasing beam hardness (120 kV, 100Sn, 150 Sn). For LCS, relative for 120 kV, conversion factors for 100Sn produced a median increase in effective dose of 9%, with organ dose increases of 8% to lung, 5% to breast, 15% to thyroid, and 3% to skin. Conversion factors for 150Sn produced a median increase in effective dose of 20%, with organ dose increases of 16%, 18%, 26%, and 12% to these same organs, respectively. For CTC, relative for 120 kV, conversion factors for 100Sn produced a median increase in effective dose of 12%, with organ dose increases of 9% to colon, 10% to liver, 11% to stomach, and 4% to skin. Conversion factors for 150Sn produced a median increase in effective dose of 21%, with organ dose increases of 16%, 17%, 19%, and 10% to these same organs, respectively.CONCLUSIONS:Results show that dose conversion factors are greater when using tin filtration and should be considered when evaluating tin's potential for dose reduction.