The Materialization of an Impedimetric Biosensor to Detect Papillomavirus DNA Based on Indium Oxide Nanowires

In this study, the impedimetric biosensor of human papillomavirus DNA (HPV DNA) in label-free approach based on indium oxide nanowires (In2O3 NWs) was fabricated. The fabrication of In2O3 NWs was successfully conducted using the thermal evaporation method and catalyst-free approach. The grown NWs had a diameter of about 70–90 nm and a length of several microns. The fabricated electrode was able to show high selectivity by changing the relative charge transfer resistance of 80, 60 and 50% for complementary, mismatch and non-complementary sequences, respectively. The electrode biosensor was stable for up to 6 weeks under the effect of electric field and showed 93% of its initial response sensitivity and detected DNA hybridization at very low concentrations in a linear response range from 0.1 pM to 0.1 μM. The In2O3 NWs showed a detection of limit (LOD) 20 fM. The behavior of negatively charged DNA oligonucleotides in a nanostructured array under the influence of electric field brought about NWs in the preferred direction with an excellent analytical response. Compared to current biosensors, the designed and fabricated biosensor, in a suitable sensing mechanism, was able to optimize response sensitivity and stability and also could improve the reproducibility conditions.