Novel Pharmacological Inhibition of JMJD3 Improves Necrotizing Enterocolitis by Attenuating the Inflammatory Response and Ameliorating Intestinal Injury

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), an acute intestinal inflammatory disease of premature infants, is one of the leading causes of death in neonates. Effective measures for clinical treatment are limited and there is a pressing need in searching for new therapeutic strategies. Jumonji domain-containing protein D3 (JMJD3), a histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27) demethylase plays a proinflammatory role in sepsis and neuroinflammation. However, whether JMJD3 is involved in the pathogenesis of NEC has not been elucidated. Here we report that overexpressed JMJD3 was revealed in the intestine of NEC patients by bioinformatic analysis. Moreover, upregulated JMJD3 and suppressed H3K27me3 were detected in both NEC patients and neonatal mice subjected to experimental NEC. Importantly, administration of GSK-J4, a specific JMJD3 inhibitor, rescued neonatal mice from NEC-associated lethality by suppressing proinflammatory response with attenuated IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1 levels and ameliorating intestinal injury with reversed claudin-1, occludin, and E-cadherin expression. Remarkably, administration of GSK-J4 attenuated intestinal injury by inhibiting activation of intestinal necroptosis in NEC mice. Administration of GSK-J4 regulated intestinal inflammation via NF-κB and JAK2/STAT3 pathway. These results indicate that JMJD3 is involved in the development of NEC and inhibition of JMJD3 overexpression by mean of GSK-J4 could be a potential therapeutic approach in the prevention and treatment of NEC.