Parapharyngeal Internal Carotid Artery: A Comparative Analysis of Surgical Exposure and Vascular Control Via Endoscopic Endonasal, Transoral and Transcervical Approaches

Kangsadarn Tanjararak MD1, 3, Smita Upadhyay MD1, Thanakorn Thiensri MD2, Sawayot Rianmanee MD1, Jun Muto MD2, Boonsam Roongpuvapaht MD3, Daniel M. Prevedello MD1, 2, Bradley A. Otto MD 1, 2, Ricardo L. Carrau MD1, 2 The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Departments of 1Otolaryngology and 2Neurology. Columbus, Ohio, USA. 3Department of Otolaryngology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University. Bangkok, Thailand.