One Year Outcomes of Atrial Fibrillation Ablation: Contemporary Analysis of the United States Nationwide Readmission Database

Background Data on long-term outcomes of catheter ablation (CA) for atrial fibrillation (AF) in outside of clinical trials settings are sparse. Objective We aimed to assess outcomes and readmissions at 1 year following admission for CA for AF. Methods Utilizing the Nationwide Readmissions Database (2016-2018), we identified patients with CA among all patients with a primary admission diagnosis of AF, and a control group by propensity score match adjusted for age, sex, comorbidities, CHA(2)DS72-VASc scores, and the hospital characteristics. The primary outcome was a composite of unplanned heart failure (HF), AF and stroke-related readmissions, and death at 1 year, and secondary outcomes were hospital outcomes and all-cause readmission rates. Results The study cohort consisted of 29,771 patients undergoing CA and 63,988 controls. Patients undergoing CA were younger with lower CHA(2);DS2-VASc scores and less comorbidities. Over a follow-up of 170 +/- 1.1 days, the primary outcome occurred in 5.2% in CA group and 6.0% of controls (hazard ratio [HR] and 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.86 [0.76-0.94], p = .002). CA affected AF and stroke related readmission, but showed no effect on HF and mortality outcome. Male sex (HR: 0.83 [0.74-0.94], p = .03), younger age (HR: 0.71 [0.61-0.83], p < .001], and lower CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc scores (HR: 0.68 [0.55-0.84], p < .001) were associated with lower risk of primary outcome with CA. Conclusion In this study, CA for AF was associated with significantly lower AF and stroke-related admissions, but not to HF or all-cause readmission. Better outcomes were seen among males, younger patients, and in patients with less comorbidities and low CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc scores.