Impacts of Drought on Health: A Qualitative Case Study from Iran

Objectives: Drought is a worldwide problem that is increasing in occurrence and severity. It results from climate change and anthropogenic factors and results in social, economic, environmental and health adverse effects. This study explained the health impacts of drought in a province of Iran, a country in the Middle East with widespread drought and water crisis.Methods: This case study was conducted using content analysis methodology. Data were collected through in-depth individual interviews and observations. Totally, 57 interviews were conducted in different cities. Data were analyzed using quantitative content analysis by MAXQDA.Findings: The direct effects of drought include effects on the quality and quantity of water, soil, environment and ecosystem, which indirectly lead to extensive effects on health dimensions, and endanger physical, mental, and social health. The consequences will be a reduction in the quality and satisfaction of life.Conclusion: The consequences of drought in Iran, due to mismanagement of water resources and other socio-economic problems, are more severe and destructive, and obviously, a more serious threat to community health. Therefore, to reduce the effects, fundamental changes in water resources management seem necessary. Further research on the effects of drought on each of the health dimensions, methods to reduce the effects of drought, and increase resiliency and suitable coping strategies are recommended.