Cooperative Reliability Allocation in Network Flow Problems Considering Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Optical Fiber Networks Structure

The design of network utilities which share resources or infrastructural elements, and which aim for cleaner transmission processes, involves many decision-making issues. These utilities can best be designed with regard to the mean of various maximum-flow models, while considering network reliability as a quality factor. The development of such innovative interconnectivity within industrial domains including information and communication technology (ICT) results in synergistic genesis and increased sustainability, creating an interdependent network of multi-industrial actors. In multiple-owner network utilities, various industries control edges and vertices within infrastructural networks. Network parameters differ widely in many real-world problems; engineering and designing a reliable flow can be as important as maximizing network flow while remaining compatible with environmental conditions. A key question, therefore, is how independent industry owners can collaborate symbiotically to implement a maximum green reliable flow (MGRF), one which decreases greenhouse gases (GHGs) while maximizing network worth. This paper addresses this question by providing a mixed-integer nonlinear programming model (MINLP) for multi-ownership network utility issues under budgetary conditions and constraints, and with permissible GHG emission consideration. Penalty factors for GHG emissions are also examined. Subsequently, an analysis is performed on the effectiveness of acceptable reliability levels and GHG fines payable for various emissions permit levels. These methods and analyses are then reviewed in a multi-faceted study of three main service industries that use fiber-optic networks, along with the results of collaborative outputs and relevant managerial insights. Additionally, several collaborative revenue-sharing methods are analyzed, based on game theoretical studies in real-world situations.