Dynamics of Cytokine Production During Immunization with Polio Vaccine with DTP in Vivo

Immunization with whole-cell adsorbed diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine (DTP) can cause various undesirable effects. The most common complications are febrile seizures, neuromyalgic syndrome and, in more severe cases, various encephalopathies. The listed complications are quite dangerous, especially in childhood, when primary DTP immunization is carried out. Many studies indicate that the development of these pathological processes is often associated with the action of various cytokines produced in response to vaccination. There are specific pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, the high levels of which are associated with the development of neurological complications after DTP vaccination. For example, IL-6 and IL-1 are often associated with the development of febrile seizures and encephalopathies. On the other hand, there are clinical data indicating a decrease in the incidence of complications after concomitant administration of vaccines. Thus, it is of particular interest to study the cytokine profile after the combined administration of DTP with another vaccine, which in some cases leads to a decrease in the number of complications and better tolerance of the vaccine. The vaccine against polio infection is currently one of the safest, but its effect on the level of cytokines is extremely poorly understood. Moreover, due to the fact that these drugs have been used for a long time and the interest in them is not as high as before, the number of new experimental works specifically on the cytokine profiles of many vaccines is limited. Basically, all existing work is aimed at studying various pathological processes associated with the introduction of a vaccine preparation. This leads to the fact that the mechanism of the formation of the immune response remains not fully understood. The aim of this work was to study the effect of combined vaccine administration on the cytokine profile. Results were obtained for the following cytokines: IL-2, RANTES, Eotaxin, MIP-1β, IL-12p40, IL-4, IL-6, IL-1α, and G-CSF determined in murine serum samples after combined administration of DTP and polio vaccine to the experimental animals. The cytokine profile was determined using Bio-Rad MAGPIX fluorescence reader. The study revealed and described the patterns of changes in the cytokine profile, both with the administration of the poliomyelitis vaccine alone, or in combination with the DTP vaccine. The results obtained in this work may be further used for more detailed studies on the mechanism of the immune response formation upon combined administration of vaccines and further improvement of existing drugs.