A Giant Planet Transiting a 3-Myr Protostar with a Misaligned Disk

Madyson G. Barber,Andrew W. Mann，Joseph D. Twicken,Jesus Noel Villasenor

NATURE（2024）

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Abstract

Astronomers have found more than a dozen planets transiting stars that are 10-40 million years old1, but younger transiting planets have remained elusive. The lack of such discoveries may be because planets have not fully formed at this age or because our view is blocked by the protoplanetary disk. However, we now know that many outer disks are warped or broken2; provided the inner disk is depleted, transiting planets may thus be visible. Here we report observations of the transiting planet IRAS 04125+2902 b orbiting a 3-million-year-old, 0.7-solar-mass, pre-main-sequence star in the Taurus Molecular Cloud. The host star harbours a nearly face-on (30 degrees inclination) transitional disk3 and a wide binary companion. The planet has a period of 8.83 days, a radius of 10.7 Earth radii (0.96 Jupiter radii) and a 95%-confidence upper limit on its mass of 90 Earth masses (0.3 Jupiter masses) from radial-velocity measurements, making it a possible precursor of the super-Earths and sub-Neptunes frequently found around main-sequence stars. The rotational broadening of the star and the orbit of the wide (4 arcseconds, 635 astronomical units) companion are both consistent with edge-on orientations. Thus, all components of the system are consistent with alignment except the outer disk; the origin of this misalignment is unclear. Observations of a 3-million-year-old pre-main-sequence star with a misaligned disk reveal a giant orbiting planet; the system is ideal for studying the early formation and migration of planets.

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Chat Paper

【要点】：天文学家发现了一个围绕3百万年年轻原恒星旋转的巨大行星，该行星的轨道与原恒星周围的倾斜盘不共面，为研究行星早期形成和迁移提供了理想案例。

【方法】：通过观测Taurus Molecular Cloud中的IRAS 04125+2902 b行星系统，使用径向速度测量和旋转展宽分析确定行星参数。

【实验】：观测到IRAS 04125+2902 b行星，其公转周期为8.83天，半径为10.7地球半径，质量上限为90地球质量，使用的数据集为IRAS 04125+2902 b的观测数据，结果显示行星轨道与倾斜盘不共面。

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