Implicações Do Diagnóstico Pré-Natal De Cardiopatias Congênitas Na Mortalidade Fetal: Revisão De Literatura / Implications of Prenatal Diagnosis of Congenital Heart Defects on Fetal Mortality: a Literature Review

Objective: To review the literature and interpret the data about prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart defects (CHD's) in order to consummate a synthesis on the subject and see what its implication on fetal mortality rates is.Methodology: This is a literature review, made from the analysis of 13 articles, published between 2016-2021 in the research bases PubMed, LILACS and SciELO.Results: Despite the scarcity of published works about the topic, prenatal diagnosis of cardiac anomalies, compared to postnatal diagnosis, showed a better survival rate after surgical correction of CHD's.Studies have shown a high sensitivity and a high specificity of diagnosis by fetal echocardiography, however, the unfeasibility of screening by this test was highlighted, given the Brazilian socioeconomic context.Thus, morphological ultrasound became the best option and the combination of ultrasound with genetic testing in the prenatal period showed good efficacy and accuracy for the diagnosis of heart defects associated with fetal chromosomal abnormalities.Conclusion: Prenatal diagnosis is of fundamental importance for detection of congenital heart disease, but there is still insufficient data to conclude that there is a reduction in mortality rates associated with this early diagnosis.Nevertheless, the benefits of identifying and treating CHD's early are undeniable, and there should be qualification and investment in public health for early detection of this diagnosis.