Predictors of Quality of Life among Geriatric Population in a Tribal Dominant State of India: A Community Based Analytical Study

Background: Improving the quality of life of the geriatric population along with maintaining their health and promoting social participation still poses a major public health challenge in the twenty-first century. Hence, we planned to measure the quality of life (QOL) in each domain namely physical, psychological, social, and environmental using the world health organization quality of life brief version (WHO QOL-BREF) questionnaire and to assess the predictors of QOL among the elderly population. Methodology: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Ormanjhi, Ranchi, Jharkhand for a period of 6 months. The study was carried out among 206 geriatric populations fulfilling the eligibility criteria. The data collected were entered in MS Excel and analyzed using SPSS version 20. The QOL scores were expressed in terms of mean and standard deviation, and the difference between mean scores was tested by using student t-test/analysis of variance (ANOVA). The predictor associated with QOL was done by multiple linear regression analysis. P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 206 geriatric people fulfilling the study criteria were enrolled during the study. The majority of the people were of the age between 60 and69 years (71.8%). Most of them 202 (98.1%) resided in rural areas, 108 (52.4%) of them were illiterate by education, and nearly half 102 (49.5%) depended on pension for livelihood. Nontribal ethnicity, backward category, illiteracy, low socio-economic status, nuclear family, elderly person having no own source of income, currently living alone, person having more co-morbidity, and less activities of daily living (ADL) score were significantly associated with low QOL score. Conclusion: Overall QOL was good to excellent in Ranchi, Jharkhand. We concluded that QOL is affected by many different factors.