Caracterização de infecções pulmonares no pós-operatório tardio de transplante renal: uma revisão integrativa

Objective: The aim of this study was to characterize the nature and frequency of pulmonary infections in late post-kidney transplant adult recipients. Methods: A bibliographic review was conducted in the following electronic databases: PubMed, SciELO and Web of Science. The study eligibility criteria were articles published between the years 2010 and 2015, in English, Portuguese or Spanish, comprising clinical trials, randomized or not, case-control studies, cohort studies, and longitudinal studies in humans. Articles whose research subjects were aged under 18 years were excluded, as well as repeated articles, which appeared in more than one of the databases. The keywords used and combined in the research were: pneumonia, lung infection, infection, kidney transplantation, hospitalization. Results: The most common etiological agents are Pneumocystis jirovecii, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Aspergillus fumigatus. Pulmonary infections are, in a large number, due to the immunosuppressive regimen, extensive length of time on hemodialysis, graft dysfunction and interhuman transmission. Often, such infections evolve with progressive dyspnea and acute respiratory failure, thus requiring invasive or non-invasive mechanical ventilation. Conclusion: The evidences point out a high prevalence of pulmonary infections in kidney transplant recipients.