First Experience of Simultaneous Extrapleural Lung Resection with Silicone Plombage for Widespread Drug-Resistant Destructive Pulmonary Tuberculosis: a Case Report

Background. The increase of the number of patients with drug-resistant forms of disseminated destructive lung tuberculosis dictates not only expansion of indications for a surgical treatment but development of new intraoperative techniques, which may reduce the risks of postsurgical complications and further progressing of tuberculosis. For a long-lasting chronic course of destructive drug-resistant tuberculosis, it is often impossible to reach the process stabilization necessary for a successful lung resection. Toracoplasty usually performed when the resection intervention is contraindicated is not only traumatic for a patient but also does not provide the proper lung compression. Clinical case description. The clinical case is presented by disseminated fibrous-cavernous tuberculosis with a wide drug resistance of the pathogen, with the cavernous changes observed against the background of the pronounced lung tissue cirrhosis. To achieve the effect, we performed extrapleural lung resection followed by the immediate extrapleural silicone plombage in order to prevent overextension of the remaining part of the lung. The histological study data confirm the significant degree of the tuberculosis inflammation activity, in spite of the preceding long-term antituberculosis therapy. Conclusion. Due to the low trauma and high efficiency, the operation of simultaneous extrapleural pneumolysis with silicone implant plombage may be used in the complex treatment of disseminated destructive pulmonary MDR/XDR TB with a chronic relapsing course of the disease.