Exploration of anti-chromium mechanism of marine Penicillium janthinellum P1 through combinatorial transcriptomic analysis and WGCNA

Fungi have a promising application prospect in the remediation of heavy-metal wastewater pollution which is a sticky global problem. New marine-derived strain Penicillium janthinellum P1 is of high chromium resistance. However, a comprehensive study of the transcriptomics in Penicillium janthinellum P1 strains is lacking. Firstly, the changing trends of a series of physiological and biochemical indices of P1 strain at 0 M and 1 M Cr con-centration were investigated to track the ROS variation. Secondly, transcriptome sequencing of P1 was per -formed by RNA-Seq sequencing technology. The transcriptome data indicated that 12,352 coding protein regions were predicted, and 6655 differentially expressed genes were identified by DESeq2, of which 4234 genes were up-regulated, and 2421 genes down-regulated. Through further co-expression network of WGCNA analysis, the filtered unigenes were clustered into 19 modules. Combined with the physiological and biochemical findings, the three modules with the highest correlation with the six traits were selected to construct the network, and 52 hub genes were obtained. Furthermore, 10 speculative hub genes related to chromium resistance were selected and verified by real-time PCR. The results were in line with the expected experimental assumption. These results improve our understanding of the transcriptomic dimensions of the high chromium resistance of Penicillium janthinellum P1 strains.