Jm-jabf210174 1096..1102

Introduction Opioid use disorder (OUD) has become the leading cause of accidental death in the United States. There were more than 3 times as many overdose deaths in 2016 compared with 1999, and ageadjusted death rates are much higher in rural areas and certain states. Illicit drug use is defined by the National Survey on Drug Use and Health as both use of illegal drugs and misuse of prescription drugs. In 2018, an estimated 1.6 million adults aged 26 years or older had an OUD in the previous year. Yet despite the frequency and seriousness of the problem, and even with several effective medications and therapies, relatively few people with OUD receive treatment. In an analysis of data from the National Survey, Creedon and Cook estimated that only 6 to 8% of people meeting criteria for past-year substance use disorders were receiving treatment, with little change from 2005 to 2014. Because primary care clinicians most commonly provide opioid prescriptions, primary care is the most logical and feasible place to identify patients with or at risk for OUD and refer or initiate treatment for it. However, many studies have identified This article was externally peer reviewed. Submitted 25 March 2021; revised 2 June 2021; accepted 4 June 2021. From the HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis, MN (LIS, SAH, RCR, AB); Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ (BFC). Funding: This work was supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse’s Clinical Trials Network. The views and opinions expressed in this manuscript are those of the authors only and do not necessarily represent the views, official policy, or position of the US Department of Health and Human Services or any of its affiliated institutions or agencies. Conflict of interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. Corresponding author: Leif I. Solberg, MD, HealthPartners Institute, 8170 33rd Ave So., Bloomington,MN 55425, Phone: 952-967-5017 (E-mail: Leif.I.Solberg@HealthPartners.com).