Bridging from Metallic Nanoclusters to Biomedical in Understanding Physicochemical Interactions at the Nano-Bio Interface

The current review is a guideline for a physicist/chemist/biologist/physician in the introduction of metallic nanocluster (NC) applications and selection of a suitable one from a medical perspective. Metallic nanoclusters have gained attention during recent years owing to their advantages of superior optical characteristics, long lifetime, and biocompatibility for nanomedicine applications, including biolabeling, biosensing, catalysis, bioimaging, drug/gene delivery, and therapeutic agent in comparison to the semiconductor quantum dot analogs. Here their basic physicochemical properties are being introduced, and they are linked to biomedical opportunities. Introducing the needed concepts of noble metal-based nanomaterials is being tried here, along with giving a correct comprehension of the reason for its use in a particular part of biomedical over the last 20 years. Moreover, in each part, a perspective is presented that can guide a researcher on how they can develop or modify new scaffolds for biomedical engineering.