Energy Analysis of City and Intercity Electric Buses and Their Battery Size Requirements

The limited driving range (DR) of battery-electric buses (BEB) is the main barrier preventing their wide deployment. The bus operating conditions (driving conditions, passenger occupancy, and weather conditions) directly impact its energy needs and battery size requirements, and thus affect the BEB DR. For this sake, it is important to evaluate the BEB energy consumption in detail. This paper provides a comprehensive energy analysis for city and intercity battery-electric buses under real-world operating conditions. The analysis helps in properly sizing the battery based on the bus's real-world energy needs. The results show that there is room to significantly reduce the required battery size for the city bus, unlike intercity buses.