Phenolic Content, Antioxidant and Antifungal Activity of Jackfruit Extracts (artocarpus Heterophyllus Lam.).

Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. is a plant from the Moraceae family commonly known as jackfruit or “tree bread” in Latin America, a common name of Artocarpus genus like: Artocarpus brasiliensis Gomez., Artocarpus heterophylla Lam., Artocarpus maxima Blanco, Artocarpus philippinensis Lam., among others. Native to Southeast Asia and is widely cultivated in Malaysia and the Western Ghats of India. (Prakash et al., 2009; Vazhacharickal et al., 2016; Nayak et al., 2017). Jackfruit is not a very widespread crop in America. However, it is considered of importance in Brazil, Puerto Rico and in some Caribbean islands such as Jamaica and Bahamas, also is cultivated in southern Florida, California, and Hawaii in the United States (Crane et al., 2016). Jackfruit cultivation was introduced in Mexico in 1985 and is currently distributed in the states of Nayarit, Jalisco, Veracruz, Tabasco, and Chiapas, among others (Luna et al., 2016). The fruits are compounds or aggregates with a weight of 4.5 to 27.3 kg each; some varieties produce small fruits that weigh from 1.4 to 4.5 kg. The period between flowering and fruit ripening varies between 150 and 180 days (Jagtap & Bapat, 2010). The edible part surrounds each seed and is composed of a sweet, aromatic, crisp and smooth pulp; its exotic characteristic resides in its flavors, which is a mixture of tropical fruits such as pineapple (Ananas comosus), banana (Musa paradisiaca), mango (Mangifera indica), orange (Citrus sinensis), melon (Cucumis melo) and papaya (Carica papaya) (Servicio de Información Agroalimentaria y Pesquera, 2017). A. heterophyllus Lam. has been shown to have a wide variety of secondary metabolites, including various types of flavonoids, carotenoids, prenylflavones, and sterols; of which stand out artocarpine, artocarpetine, norartocarpetine, morine, artonin, isocarpine, artocapesine, tannins and sapogenins (Hari et al., 2014; Vazhacharickal et al., 2016). In addition to the above, this species contains lectins (jacaline and jackin), which have been shown to inhibit the growth of Fusarium moniliforme and Sacharomyces cerevisiae, due to their affinity for chitin, which is a key component of the cell wall of these microorganisms, altering the synthesis and / or arrangement of chitin in the cell wall (Prakash et al., 2009). Isoprenyl flavones, artocarpine and artocarpesin, obtained from methanolic extracts, have also been shown to inhibit the formation of cariogenic bacteria Streptococcus mutans and plaque formation in the prevention of dental caries (Theivasanthi et al., 2011). There is a current Phenolic content, antioxidant and antifungal activity of jackfruit extracts (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.).