DNA Nanotechnology for Multimodal Synergistic Theranostics

Over the past decade, DNA nanotechnology has developed rapidly due to its unique characteristics, such as excellent biocompatibility, high programmability, good predictability, automatically chemical synthesis, and so on. So far, a variety of DNA-based nanostructures, from small to large and simple to complex, have been designed and synthesized with controllable size and shape in one, two, or three dimensions. Therefore, DNA has become a kind of competitive materials for biosensing, bioimaging and biomedicine. In particular, the integration of DNA nanotechnology with multimodal synergistic theranostics can not only achieve accurate cancer diagnosis by the sensitive and accurate detection of cancer biomarkers, but also achieve enhanced anti-cancer therapeutic efficacy, which promote the development of DNA nanotechnology and nanomedicine. In this review, we first give a comprehensive introduction of DNA nanotechnology, and then summarize the DNA self-assembly and amplification strategies for the construction of functional nanoplatforms for multimodal synergistic theranostics. Finally, the challenges and opportunities faced by DNA nanotechnology in biomedicine are discussed.