Phonological productive processes in full-term schoolchildren and small for gestational age: a case-control study

Purpose: To characterize the use of phonological productive processes in a group of full-term children and small for gestational age and compare it with children appropriate for gestational age. Methods: Observational, analytical, case-control and non-paired study, nested in a cohort with the outcome of phonological disorder. We assessed 36 children according to the predetermined sample calculation, 24 (66.7%) without phonological disorders and 12 (33.3%) with phonological disorders. Of these, 24 (66.7%) children were classified as small for gestational age (SGA) and 12 (33%) as appropriate for gestational age (AGA). Phonological aspects of oral language were assessed by the ABFW children's language test (2004). The results were subjected to descriptive analysis and, in order to assess the existence of an association among categorical variables, we used Fisher's exact test for association. Results: The SGA group revealed a significantly higher number of phonological processes that change the syllable structure when compared to the AGA group. We noted that the phonological processes present and unexpected for age in the SGA population were: fricative plosivation, liquid simplification, palatal posteriorization and frontalization, plosive and fricative deafening, in addition to simplifying the consonant cluster and simplifying the final consonant, which were the most frequent in both groups. Conclusion: Although no association was found between phonological disorders and SGA children, we have noted a greater use of productive phonological processes in this group.