Probing the Reaction of Membrane Proteins Via Infrared Spectroscopies, Plasmonics, and Electrochemistry

Spectroelectrochemistry, in combination with plasmonic ap-proaches and infrared spectroscopy, has emerged as a powerful tool in the study of membrane protein redox reactions, both for immobilized monolayer samples and those reintro-duced into their native environment. Here the use of nano-structured electrodes for surface enhanced spectroelectrochemistry are discussed.