Catalytic Deoxygenation of Waste Cooking Oil Utilizing Nickel Oxide Catalysts over Various Supports to Produce Renewable Diesel Fuel

The development of renewable diesel fuel from the deoxygenation of non-edible oil is an alternative to nonrenewable fuels. Herein, the evaluation of catalytic deoxygenation of waste cooking oil (WCO) over supported Ni-based catalysts was investigated. A series of Ni-based catalysts supported on activated carbon (AC), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and beta zeolite (Zeo) were prepared via the wet-impregnation method and later carbonised under N-2 flow at 550 degrees C for 4 h. Addition of Ni to AC improves the good physicochemical properties of the catalyst, owing to the high number of acid-base sites, high surface area, smaller crystallite size, and high pore volume of the catalyst. From the catalytic results, Ni-20/AC was the most active catalyst by giving 90% hydrocarbon yield and 89% selectivity towards n-(C-15 + C-17) under H-2-free and solvent-free conditions for 3 h at 350 degrees C and 300 rpm. Furthermore, it was stable up to the fourth cycle with consistent hydrocarbon yield (85-87%) and 66-77% selectively towards n-(C-15 + C-17). Overall, Ni-20/AC shows highly promising catalytic performance due to its good physiochemical properties and high catalyst stability.