Recent Progress in the Synthesis of Azoles and Related Five‐membered Ring Heterocycles Using Silica‐supported Heterogeneous Catalysts

In the last decade, silica-supported heterogeneous catalysts have emerged as efficient green catalysts for the development of synthetic protocols of bioactive heterocycles. These catalysts possess better significant features when compared with the activities of homogeneous catalysts. Azoles are five-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds that possess a wide range of medicinal properties. In this review, a summary of the recent progress on silica-supported heterogeneous catalyzed synthetic methods of azoles and related five-membered heterocycles is presented.