Topology Gradient Optimization in 2‐D and 3‐D for the Design of Microwave Components

A numerical model defined by a finite element method coupled with a topology gradient method is used for optimizing the shape of microwave components with respect to electrical specifications. The approach, which consists in minimizing a cost function with respect to the physical property of individual topological elements. which define the shape of the component, is first described. Regarding the given electrical specifications, the technique is applied for optimizing, respectively. in 2D. the distribution of metal upon the surface of a planar component and, in 3D, the distribution of dielectric material within a waveguide component. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.