Delivery Mode and Child Development at 20 Months of Age and 7 Years of Age in the Republic of Seychelles

To determine if cesarean delivery is adversely associated with child neurodevelopment as measured at 20 months and 7 years. In a prospective cohort study (n = 1328) in the Republic of Seychelles, we examined the association between mode of delivery and 22 measures of child neurodevelopment spanning multiple domains: cognition, executive and psychomotor function, language development, behavior, scholastic achievement, and social communication. Using multivariable linear regression, we evaluated the relationship between delivery mode (Cesarean/vaginal delivery) and each developmental outcome, while controlling for relevant covariates including child sex and age, maternal age, maternal IQ, whether both parents lived with the child, and Hollingshead socioeconomic status. At 20 months, children born via cesarean delivery had slightly higher scores (β = 0.11, 95% confidence interval: 0.00, 0.21) on the Infant Behavior Questionnaire–Revised Positive Affectivity/Surgency subtest, a measure of infant temperament, as compared to vaginal delivery. Delivery mode was not associated with any of the 7-year developmental outcomes. Our study does not support the notion that cesarean delivery is associated with child neurodevelopmental outcomes.