Effect of gold nanoparticles on the structure and neuroprotective function of protein L-isoaspartyl methyltransferase (PIMT)

Fibrillation of peptides and proteins is implicated in various neurodegenerative diseases and is a global concern. Aging leads to the formation of abnormal isoaspartate (isoAsp) residues from isomerization of normal aspartates in proteins, triggering fibril formation that leads to neurodegenerative diseases. Protein L-isoaspartyl methyltransferase (PIMT) is a repair enzyme which recognizes and converts altered isoAsp residues back to normal aspartate. Here we report the effect of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) of different sizes on the structure and function of PIMT. Spherical AuNPs, viz. AuNS5, AuNS50 and AuNS100 (the number indicating the diameter in nm) stabilize PIMT, with AuNS100 exhibiting the best efficacy, as evident from various biophysical experiments. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) revealed endothermic, but entropy driven mode of binding of PIMT with all the three AuNSs. Methyltransferase activity assay showed enhanced activity of PIMT in presence of all AuNSs, the maximum being with AuNS100. The efficacy of PIMT in presence of AuNS100 was further demonstrated by the reduction of fibrillation of A beta 42, the peptide that is implicated in Alzheimer's disease. The enhancement of anti-fibrillation activity of PIMT with AuNS100 was confirmed from cell survival assay with PC12 derived neuronal cells against A beta 42 induced neurotoxicity.