Non-isothermal reaction mechanism and kinetic analysis for the synthesis of monoclinic lithium zirconate (m-Li 2 ZrO 3 ) during solid-state reaction

Non-isothermal reaction mechanism and kinetic analysis for the synthesis of monoclinic lithium zirconate (m-Li 2 ZrO 3 ) were investigated by processing of TG-DTA, along with XRD, DLS, and HRTEM. For this purpose, the solid-state reaction of Li 2 CO 3 with ZrO 2 was carried out by TG-DTA at different heating rates (10, 20, and 30 °C/min) from room temperature to 1100 °C. The thermal data was used to calculate the kinetic parameters by two types of isoconversional methods: Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS). The reaction mechanism was determined by the model-fitting method, applying the Coats-Redfern (CR) approximation to the different solid-state reaction models. The results confirmed the formation of pure m-Li 2 ZrO 3 , consists of semispherical particles of about 490 nm, using a very short reaction time. The average activation energy obtained by FWO and KAS methods were 274.73 and 272.50 kJ/mol, respectively. It was found that the formation of m-Li 2 ZrO 3 from Li 2 CO 3 with ZrO 2 is governed by the three-dimensional diffusion mechanism. Based on these results, a microscopic reaction model of the formation of m-Li 2 ZrO 3 was proposed.