Aspects Épidémiologiques, Cliniques et Évolutifs des Enfants Admis en Réanimation Polyvalente au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Brazzaville

RESUME Objectif. Decrire les aspects epidemiologiques, cliniques et evolutifs des enfants admis en reanimation polyvalente au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Brazzaville. Materiels et methodes. Il agit d’une etude transversale retrospective, descriptive realisee en reanimation polyvalente du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Brazzaville du 1er decembre 2014 au 28 fevrier 2018 (39 mois). Ont ete inclus tous les enfants de moins de 16 ans admis dans le service. Les variables suivantes ont ete analysees : âge, sexe, provenance, motif d’admission, evolution, duree de sejour. Resultats. Durant la periode d’etude, 86 enfants ont ete admis sur 2112 patients soit une frequence de 4,1 %. Leur âge moyen etait de 8,9 ± 5,5 ans. Le sex ratio etait de 1,52. Dans 48,8 % des cas, les patients provenaient du bloc operatoire et dans 24,4% du service de soins intensifs pediatriques. Le motif d’admission le plus frequent etait la surveillance postoperatoire (26,7 %), suivi de la detresse respiratoire (18,6%) et de l’etat de mal convulsif (16,3%). Le taux de mortalite etait de 38,4 %. La duree moyenne de sejour etait de 3,1 ±1,4 jours. Conclusion. Les admissions pediatriques representent environ 4 % des admissions totales. Elles proviennent majoritairement du bloc operatoire et du service de soins intensifs pediatriques. Le taux de mortalite est eleve. Une formation specifique du personnel a l’anesthesie-reanimation pediatrique, ainsi qu’un plateau technique adequat pourraient permettre de reduire ce taux de mortalite. ABSTRACT Aim. To describe the epidemiology, clinical features and outcome of children admitted to polyvalent intensive care unit at the University Teaching Hospital of Brazzaville. Materials and methods. This was a cross sectional retrospective, descriptive study carried out in polyvalent intensive care unit at the University Hospital of Brazzaville from december 1, 2014 to february 28, 2018 (39 months). All children under the age of 16 admitted to the service were included. The following variables were studied: age, sex, origin, reason for admission, outcomes, length of stay. Results. During our study period, 86 children were admitted out of 2112 patients (4.1%). Their mean age was 8.9± 5.5 years. The sex ratio was 1.52. The patients came from the operating room in 48.8% of cases and from the pediatric intensive care unit in 24.4%. The most common reason for admission was postoperative monitoring (26.7%) followed by respiratory distress (18.6%) and seizure (16.3%). The mortality rate was 38.4%. The mean length of stay was 3.1± 1.4 days. Conclusion. Pediatric admissions represented 4.1% of total admissions. They come mainly from the operating room and the pediatric intensive care unit. The mortality rate is high. Specific training of staff in pediatric resuscitation, as well as an adequate technical platform will undoubtedly reduce this mortality rate.