Intradiploic encephalocele following linear skull fracture: a rare evolution of growing skull fracture

Growing skull fracture (GSF) is a rare complication of pediatric head trauma. It usually arises from a linear fracture with an underlying dural tear, which results in herniation of the intracranial contents. In rare cases, the herniated intracranial contents can be restricted in the diploe, resulting in an expanded diploic cavity. If there is brain parenchyma herniating into the expanded diploic cavity, the condition is termed as intradiploic encephalocele (IE). Here we present a peculiar pediatric occipital GSF case that resulted from the silent progression of a linear fracture with a small brain herniation into the widened fracture finally leading to an IE after approximately 7 years. Detailed imaging findings from the early injury to the late phase of the disease were provided to record this natural process. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case providing the imaging data of early injury before developing into IE.