Occurrence of Fungal Diseases in Faba Bean (vicia Faba L.) under Salt and Drought Stress

The present work was initiated in order to test whether the growth and pathogenic behavior of fungal isolates infecting Faba bean (FB) are influenced by salt and drought stress. A collection of 108 fungal isolates was recovered from different infected FB plants grown in various bioclimatic zones in Tunisia. Koch’s postulates revealed that 54% of those isolates caused root rots infection by 25% to 100% of the whole root system. Eighteen pathogenic fungal isolates were chosen based on their high incidence on various plant growth parameters using the heat map analysis to undergo the in vitro analysis, where 13 isolates belong to Fusarium spp. The in vitro mycelial growth of the 18 strains in potato-dextrose agar amended with NaCl and PEG6000 was strain dependent, in which F. equiseti (VFF12, VFF16), F. graminearum VFF6, F. brachygibbosum VFF9, Alternaria sp. VFF5, Boeremia exigua VFF4, Rutstroemia sp. VFF7 and Rhizopus oryzae VFF1 showed a significant increase by up to 150% compared to controls. Best linear unbiased predictors (BLUPs) for differences in root and shoot dry weights between control (inoculated unstressed plants) and inoculated under salt and drought stress of the tolerant fungal strains were analyzed. BLUPs of VFF16, VFF6, and VFF7 were significantly increased under both stresses compared to controls. While, BLUBs of VFF12, VFF9, and VFF4 were not significant, which maintained similar pathogenic effect. However, BLUPs of VFF5 and VFF1 were significantly decreased. Consequently, soil salinization and water deficiency - occurring nowadays in many parts of the world - can increase the aggressiveness of phytopathogenic fungi.