Characterisation of soil erosion and overland flow on vegetation-growing slopes in fragile ecological regions: A review

Grasses and shrubs occupy large areas of fragile ecosystems following ecological restoration. Therefore, it is increasingly important to assess and monitor the environmental safety of pastures. However, previous studies on this topic lacked systematicity and directionality. In this study, we reviewed the literature on runoff and erosion to summarise the core issues for future research, resolve the current research bottleneck, and promote the balance of soil, water, and energy in fragile ecological areas. The results of the review indicate that coverage remained the main vegetation feature considered when characterising rangeland slope erosion and runoff. Erosion energy should be comprehensively considered based on the influence of vegetation on rainfall distribution and runoff erosivity. Rangeland slope erosion and runoff changes can only be explained by integrating the above-and below-ground characteristics of vegetation. Additionally, the impact of vegetation on runoff separation and the sediment transport processes at different erosion stages under rainfall conditions vary. Therefore, studying the comprehensive indicators of vegetation at different erosion stages in response to erosion and runoff will be vital in rangeland erosion research. From the perspective of disciplinary development, this study can promote the further development of soil erosion, ecology, soil science, hydrology, hydraulics, and other disciplines.