Impedance Metrology: Bridging the LF-RF Gap

This paper describes two approaches for modeling impedances along the physical gap existing between the low and the high frequency range. For this purpose, the physics of a Haddad type resistor standard has been investigated taking into account the EM-field propagation as well as the effect of connectors. In addition, a new capacitor standard has been designed by means of physical simulations. Preliminary results show a good agreement with measured data at low and high frequency.