Troponins, Adhesion Molecules, and Interleukins As Diagnostic Markers of CVDs: Expression in Peripheral Tissues

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the main causes of mortality for middle-aged and elderly people in developed countries. The early diagnostic of CVD in middle-aged and elderly people is often hampered by the absence of characteristic clinical picture of the disease. The early diagnosis of atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease (CHD), and myocardial infarction (MI) and their correction improves the survival prognosis and the quality of life of patients. The concentration of the cardinal troponins hs-cTnT and hs‑cTnI, ICAM-1, the adhesion molecules V-CAM1, E-LAM1, and the IL-1α, 1β, -4, -5, -6, -13, -17 cytokines in blood plasma were studied in order to assess the effectiveness of the treatment of atherosclerosis, CHD, and MI. The study of the concentration of ICAM-1, growth factor GDF15, and the NOTCH1 transmembrane protein in blood plasma and urine was recommended for the predictive diagnostic of these diseases. Assessment of the expression of these signal molecules in peripheral tissues for the prediction and prognosis of CVD is a rapidly developing area of molecular medicine and gerontology.