Influence of modifier oxides on spectroscopic features of Nd2O3 doped PbO-Ro2O3–WO3–B2O3 glasses (with Ro2O3 = Sb2O3, Al2O3, and Bi2O3)

The influence of modifier oxides (Ro2O3=Sb2O3, Al2O3, and Bi2O3) on the spectral analysis of PbO-Ro2O3–WO3–B2O3 glasses doped with Nd3+ ions is investigated in this work. Samples were prepared by the melt quench method, and their optical, luminescence, and physical properties were examined. From the measured properties, it is observed that the density and refractive index of the studied glasses vary non-linearly with the concentration of Nd2O3, leading to the formation of cross-linked networks under the polaraisability of the oxide glasses. The optical band gap (E0) and Urbach energy (ΔE) was determined by using UV–visible spectra; it also varies non-linearly based on the modifier oxides and the formation of non-bridging oxygen ions. The oscillator strengths of the absorption bands were determined by the Judd-Ofelt model, and the three intensity parameters Ω2, Ω4, and Ω6 were calculated for each glass. From these parameters, the transition probability (Aτ), radiative life time (), branching ratio (βr), quantum efficiency (η), and non-radiative decay rate (WNR) were calculated. From these results, it can be concluded that the studied glasses can be used for laser and optical applications.