Image quality of the proton imaging from computer-simulated data

In this paper, the proton image quality of three designed phantoms is studied by the Monte Carlo simulation tool FLUKA, and is compared with that of the photon, and electron imaging. The passages of parallel beams were simulated by the phantoms for protons, electrons and X-rays, and the fluence and energy spectra of exiting particles are recorded. The proton energy loss imaging has a high quality under low transmission proton fluence, and its quality is superior to that of electron and photon fluence. The results demonstrate that proton energy loss imaging is especially suitable for the samples of hundreds of nano-thicknesses.