Study of Generating Sub-Diffraction-Limit Patterns with the Phase Modulation of Polarized Beams

In this work, laser spatial patterns with sub-diffraction-limit structures are acquired systematically by wave-front modulation of different polarized Gaussian beams based on the vectorial diffraction theory. The Gaussian beams, which are in circular, radial and azimuthal polarization, are applied with special designed phase plates. With the modification of the phase factor in diffraction integral formula, new kinds of phase plates are carried out and employed with the polarized beams. The mechanism of forming sub-diffraction-limit patterns has been illustrated detailedly, as well as the topography of the vast novel beam patterns with special dimensional distribution near the focal plane. The special wavefront designing of Guassian light beam provides many useful beam patterns which have great potential in the areas of far-field nanoscope, optical tweezer and beam fabrication.