Here is the translation in English, maintaining the Markdown format:

Authors include Sahar Hadi Pour (Research Interests: Statistical Downscaling, Climate Change, Improved Mann-Kendall Test, Unidirectional Trends, General Circulation Models), Ahmad Khairi Abd Wahab (Research Interests: Drained Peatland, Unidirectional Trends, Mangroves, Rainfall, Climate Change), Shamsuddin Shahid (Research Interests: Climate Change, Bangladesh, CMIP6, Trend Analysis, Iraq), Md Asaduzzaman (Affiliation: Staffordshire Univ, Dept Engn & Design, Stoke On Trent ST4 2DE, Staffs, England), and Ashraf Dewan (Research Interests: Bangladesh, Remote Sensing, GIS, Climate Change, Australia).

1. Introduction

• Global warming leads to an increase in extreme precipitation events, with urban areas being more severely affected.
• Urbanization increases impervious areas, leading to increased surface runoff, which traditional drainage systems struggle to handle.
• Low Impact Development (LID) techniques, as a sustainable urban stormwater management approach, can effectively reduce surface runoff and decrease flood risks.

2. Urbanization Trends and Urban Flooding

• The global urbanization process is accelerating, with urban areas expanding continuously, leading to exacerbated environmental issues, including increased urban flood risks.
• Types of urban flooding include flash floods, river floods, and tidal floods, all of which cause severe damage to cities.

3. Climate Change and Urban Flooding

• Urbanization leads to changes in urban microclimates, exacerbating the impacts of climate change and further increasing urban flood risks.
• Climate change results in increased intensity and frequency of rainfall, making it difficult for urban drainage system design standards to meet the demand, thus increasing flood risks.

4. Limitations of Traditional Stormwater Management Systems

• Traditional stormwater management systems are unable to adapt to the changes in rainfall brought about by climate change, making it difficult to effectively address flood risks.
• Traditional stormwater management systems struggle to adapt to the increase in impervious areas brought about by urbanization, leading to increased surface runoff and increased flood risks.

5. Low Impact Development (LID) Techniques

• Overview of LID Techniques: Includes rain barrels, rain gardens, permeable pavements, infiltration trenches, and bioretention basins.
• Effectiveness of Different LID Techniques in Flood Mitigation: LID techniques can effectively reduce surface runoff, lower flood peaks, and reduce the volume of floods.
• Combined Use of LID Techniques: The combination of different LID techniques can enhance flood mitigation effects.
• Parameter Optimization of LID Techniques: Optimizing LID technique parameters can improve their performance and cost-effectiveness.
• LID Techniques Addressing Uncertainties of Climate Change: LID techniques can adapt to changes in rainfall due to climate change and reduce flood risks.

6. Using LID Techniques to Mitigate Flood Challenges Induced by Climate Change

• There is uncertainty regarding the cost and performance of LID techniques.
• A lack of standards and implementation procedures for LID techniques.
• Insufficient institutional capacity, lack of government support, and policy orientation.
• High maintenance costs for LID techniques, with long-term benefits being difficult to assess.
• High implementation costs of LID techniques, especially in developing countries.
• Low public acceptance of LID techniques.
• The applicability of LID techniques is limited by environmental conditions.

7. Conclusion

• LID techniques can effectively mitigate the urban flood risks caused by climate change, but still face some challenges.
• Further research is needed on the cost-effectiveness, applicability, and public acceptance of LID techniques, and corresponding policies and standards should be developed to promote the widespread application of LID techniques.

Q: What specific research methods were used in the paper?

The paper primarily employed the following research methods:

• Literature Review: By examining and analyzing a large number of relevant literature, it understands the research findings and current status of urban flooding, climate change, Low Impact Development (LID) techniques, and other aspects.
• Case Studies: Analyzed the application cases of LID techniques in different cities, assessing their effectiveness and the challenges faced.
• Cost-Benefit Analysis: Assessed the economic and environmental benefits of LID techniques and compared them with traditional drainage systems.
• Model Simulation: Used hydrological models to simulate the impact of LID techniques on urban flooding and optimized LID parameters to improve their performance.

Q: What are the main research findings and outcomes?

• Climate Change Aggravates Urban Flooding Risk: Global warming leads to an increase in extreme rainfall events, and the urban heat island effect intensifies rainfall intensity. Urban drainage systems struggle to cope, resulting in an increased risk of urban flooding.
• LID Techniques Effectively Alleviate Urban Flooding: LID techniques, by increasing rainwater infiltration and reducing surface runoff, can effectively mitigate the risk of urban flooding and bring multiple environmental benefits.
• Challenges in the Application of LID Techniques: The application of LID techniques faces challenges in terms of cost, technology, policy, and public acceptance, requiring further research and promotion.

Q: What are the current limitations of this research?

• Data Limitations: The paper is mainly based on existing literature and case studies, lacking an assessment of the long-term benefits and costs of LID techniques.
• Regional Differences: The effectiveness of LID techniques is influenced by regional factors such as climate, topography, and soil, requiring assessment and optimization according to specific conditions.
• Insufficient Policy Support: Many developing countries lack policy support and promotion for LID techniques, limiting their application scope.