Outcomes of Kidney Retransplantation in Recipients with Prior Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disorders: an Analysis of the 2000–2019 UNOS/OPTN Database

This study utilized the UNOS database to assess clinical outcomes after kidney retransplantation in patients with a history of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD). Among second kidney transplant patients from 2000 to 2019, 254 had history of PTLD in their first kidney transplant, whereas 28,113 did not. After a second kidney transplant, PTLD occurred in 2.8% and 0.8% of patients with and without history of PTLD, respectively (p = .001). Over a median follow‐up time of 4.5 years after a second kidney transplant, 5‐year death‐censored graft failure was 9.5% vs. 12.6% (p = .21), all‐cause mortality was 8.3% vs. 11.8% (p = .51), and 1‐year acute rejection was 11.0% vs. 9.3% (p = .36) in the PTLD vs. non‐PTLD groups, respectively. There was no significant difference in death‐censored graft failure, mortality, and acute rejection between PTLD and non‐PTLD groups in adjusted analysis and after propensity score matching. We conclude that graft survival, patient survival, and acute rejection after kidney retransplantation are comparable between patients with and without history of PTLD, but PTLD occurrence after kidney retransplantation remains higher in patients with history of PTLD.