Serial ultrastructural evaluation of myocardial ischemic injury after infusion of del Nido cardioplegia in the human heart

Myocardial ischemic injury progresses gradually, and irreversible ischemic injury begins to occur 90 minutes after initial DNC infusion in the adult human heart. Therefore, redosing of DNC may be required after 90 minutes of aortic crossclamp time during adult cardiac surgery.