Camouflage in a Dynamic World

Visual search in a dynamic world: a predator’s view of a school of fish. The average motion signal of the target (purple arrow) has to be discriminated from the motion noise (orange arrows) of the illuminant, background, other animals and, for group-living species, conspecifics. The target itself may produce dynamic motion noise via colouration (pigment patterns and/or silvered/iridescent scales) and behaviour.