Navigation in desktop 3D games with gamepads: comparison of two approaches for inexperienced players

Common approaches for gamepad-based navigation in desktop 3D games are often not suited for inexperienced players. In particular, novices have difficulties in simultaneously controlling movement and viewing direction in a virtual 3D scene. Here, we compare the currently predominant 3D navigation approach with an alternative approach that is inspired by early 3D games. 20 test users with little or no 3D gaming experience used both approaches to walk along a test course in a virtual 3D scene containing different obstacles. Using the alternative navigation approach, the users finished the course faster and with fewer errors than with the predominant navigation approach. In addition, the pragmatic and the hedonic quality of the alternative approach were rated higher. As a conclusion, the presented alternative approach should be given consideration when designing 3D (serious) games or similar applications for inexperienced players, not only for gamepad-based navigation, but also for comparable interfaces like the typical combination of keyboard and mouse control.