Using the Multi-Theory Model (MTM) of Health Behavior Change to Explain Yoga Practice.

Background . Diverse groups, including college students, are being encouraged to practice yoga. Research suggests that college students fail to attain the mental and physical benefits of yoga practice. Objetive . The purpose of this study was to utilize the fourth-generation, multi-theory model (MTM) of health behavior change to explain change regarding yoga practice of asanas, shava asana, pranayama, dhyana, yama and niyama among college students. Method . This cross-sectional study relied on a quota sample of students 18 years and older attending Jackson State University, a historically black college in Jackson, Mississippi, United States. Measures . A 36-item face and content valid instrument was used to collect data. Stepwise multiple regression was used to analyze the survey data for identifying the best possible predictors of yoga practice. A statistical significance level of 0.05 was set a priori. Results . A total of 70 participants, mean age 28.62 years (SD, 6.11), predominately female (84%) and black (87%) completed the survey. The initiation model constructs-changes in the physical environment (beta = 3.99, P = .002) and behavioral confidence (beta = 0.331, P = .008)-were significant, explaining 40% of the variability in the dependent variable. Practice change was statistically significant (F-1,F-65 =7.569; P= .0001; adjusted R-2 =0.460) for the maintenance model, explaining 46% of the variability. Conclusion . The MTM model of health behavior change is effective for explaining the intent to initiate and maintain yoga behavior among college students.