Responsiveness Change of Biochemistry and Micro-Ecology in Alkaline Soil under PAHs Contamination with or Without Heavy Metal Interaction

Co-presence of organic pollutants and heavy metals in soil is causing increasing concerns, but the lack of knowledge of relation between soil ecology and pollutant fate is limiting the developing of specific control strategy. This study investigated soil change under pyrene stress and its interaction with cadmium (Cd). Soil physicochemical properties were not seriously influenced. However, pollutants' presence easily varied soil microbial activity, quantity, and diversity. Under high-level pyrene, Cd presence contributed to soil indigenous microorganisms' adaption and soil microbial community structure stability. Soils with both pyrene and Cd presented 7.11-12.0% higher pyrene degradation compared with single pyrene treatment. High-throughput sequencing analysis indicated the proportion of Mycobacterium sp., a commonly known PAHs degrader, increased to 25.2-48.5% in treatments from 0.52% in control. This phenomenon was consistent with the increase of PAHs probable degraders (the ratio increased to 2.86-6.57% from 0.24% in control). Higher Cd bioavailability was also observed in soils with both pollutants than that with Cd alone. And Cd existence caused the elevation of Cd resistant bacterium Limnobacter sp. (increased to 12.2% in CdCK from 2.06% in control). Functional gene prediction also indicated that abundance of genes related to nutrient metabolism decreased dramatically with pollutants, while the abundances of energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, secondary metabolites biosynthesis-related genes increased (especially for aromatic compound degradation related genes). These results indicated the mutual effect and internal-interaction existed between pollutants and soils resulted in pollutants' fate and soil microbial changes, providing further information regarding pollutants dissipation and transformation under soil microbial response.