Insulin Resistance: Recent Advances in Pathogenesis, Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Relevance

Insulin resistance is a complex metabolic disorder. There are various factors involved in aetiology, pathogenesis and pathophysiology of insulin resistance. Therefore, the present review has been written to provide critical information about insulin resistance corresponding for better understanding of pathogenesis and pathophysiology hallmarks, markers as well as exploitation of better drug targets. However, there are some recent reports suggesting the role of microRNA, histone deacetylase, and toll like receptors, microbiota and short chain fatty acids in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. The role of insulin resistance has been established in brain which is termed as type 3 diabetes (in Alzheimer’s disease patients). The review provides a brief understanding on this. A brief description about various markers of insulin resistance is also under the scope of review.